英语知识点复习(一)
英语知识点复习(一)
2.able(可以的,有能力的,可能的)①He is an able man.那人本事不小。
enable(v)使……能
3.above, over, on
over是指在...的正上方,与其有距离;on是指直接与某物体接触,在...的上面;above就是指在...的上方,不强调位置。但是桥在河的上方,一定要用over。
4.accident/event/ incident
event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然发生的事故,特别是不幸的、有损害性的事故。incident相对于accident来说,显得不很重要,指“小事件”,它还可以用来表示“事变”,如叛乱、爆炸等
5.admit vt.
①接纳,许可……进入(allow sb./sth.to enter)
②承认,后可接名词,doing、从句或复合结构。
6.advice建议;劝告。
是不可数名词,“一条建议”应用a piece of advice。常用结构。
give sb.advice(on)/give advice给某人提(关于……的)建议;忠告某人。
ask(sb.)for advice征求(某人的)意见。
7.admire(= respect / praise)vt.羡慕,钦佩,夸奖
admire sb.(for sth.)佩服某人某事
对比:envy(= jealous)vt.嫉妒,羡慕
envy sb.(sth.)嫉妒/羡慕某人某事
We all envy you your good future.我们都很羡慕你的好运。
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事(suggest不这样用)。
I advise you to take the chance.我建议你抓住机会。
—I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我劝你不要灰心,继续干。
advise 还可同suggest一样,后接名词、代词、动名词(短语)和that从句(用虚拟语气)作宾语。
—What would you advise?你有什么建议吗?—I advise you an early start我建议你早点出发。
advise ,persuade
persuade sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”,强调劝说成功,说服;advise sb. to do sth. 意为“劝说某人做某事”,不涉及劝说是否有效,相当于try to persuade sb. to do sth.。如:
The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.医生说服我爸爸戒了烟。
The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed.
医生劝我爸爸戒烟,但没成功。
advise; suggest
advise 与suggest 都可作“建议”讲,二者用法有同有异。
(1)相同点 表示建议做某事,advise与suggest都可采用下列三种句型:
① + 名词
② + 动名词
③ + that从句(从句中常用should加动词原形,should可以省略。)
eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.
He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.
He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.
(注:只要是用从句表示建议该做的事,从句中就可用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。)上面的第三句可转化为:
It was suggested that we (should) start early.
What he suggested was that we(should) start early.
His suggestion was that we (should) start early.
(2)不同点
①advise后可以跟人称代词作宾语,而suggest后不可以跟人称代词作宾语。故可以说:
advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that...
前三种结构中不可将advise改为suggest,如:
他建议我们去参观博物馆。
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.
[误]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.
[误]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.
②suggest还有“暗示、表明、说、指出(一个事实)”的意思。此时从句中用陈述语气,不用虚拟语气。如:
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陈述了一个事实,故用陈述语气。)比较:
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建议该做某事,从句中用should加动词原形,should在从句中省略。)
affect(=have an effect on sth.)vt.影响(effect n.影响)
This may affect your health.这或许会影响你的健康。
My throat is always affected by bad weather.我的嗓子总是受恶劣天气的影响。
8.afraid
1)“be afraid of+名词”,意为“害怕”。
2)“be afraid of doing sth”意为“担心,害怕……”。
3)“be afraid for…”意为“为……担心。”
4)“be afraid that…”意为“担心,恐怕”。
5)“be afraid to do ”意为“害怕,担心而不敢做某事”。
6)I’m afraid so/not.恐怕是这样/恐怕不会这样
[应用]完成句子
①女孩子一般都怕蛇。Girls are usually______ _____snakes.
②他怕把杯子打碎,因而很小心。He was careful because he was afraid______ _____the glass.
③你不为自己的安全担心吗?Are you afraid_______your safety?
④恐怕她会迷路。I am __________she will lose her way.
⑤汤姆把钱丢了,也不敢告诉他母亲。Tom lost the money and was afraid________ ______his mother.
Key:①afraid,of ②of,breaking ③for ④afraid,that ⑤to tell
again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地
The old man thinks of his happy past again and again. 这位老人再三地想起他幸福的过去。
9.age
(1)n.年龄,时代,时期
The old man died at the age of 80/when he was 80 years of age/when he was 80 years old.
那位老人80岁时去世了。
(2)vi./vt. 变老
He is aging fast. Worry ages a man.他老得很快。忧虑令人老!
I found him greatly aged.我发现他老多了。
拓展:
(1)adj. aged……岁的,年老的
a boy aged ten 一个10岁的男孩an aged man老人
(2)人生的七期
baby→infant→child→youth→manhood→middle age→old age
婴儿/0→幼儿7→儿童12→青年28→壮年40→中年65→老年
10.agree 同意。
常用桔构:
(1)agree on 对……取得一致意见或达成协议,一般表示原双方共同商讨以后达成协议的名词)。主语必须是两者以上。也常用被动语态,表示“(某事)是大家都同意的”。如:
They agreed on the date for the next meeting.对下次会议的日期他们达成了一致意见。
(2)agree to 同意;赞成。to 为介词,后接表示“建议;办法;计划”等名词。
Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的计划吗?
(3)agree with同意;赞成。后接sb. 或what 从句。
I agree with you ,but I don’t agree with what he said.我同意你的意见,但我不同意他所说的。另外,agree with还有“与……相适应/相一致”的意思。
The climate here doesn’t agree with me .我不适应这里的气候。
(4)agree to do sth.同意、答应做某事。
Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money?如果我们答应借钱给你,你同意和我们一起去吗?
11.ahead短语归纳
go ahead朝前走,请便(同意对方继续干或同意对方的请求);
go ahead (on)with… 继续;
ahead of在……前面,早于,优先;
ahead of time提前
[应用]完成句子
①他朝前走去看看发生了什么事情。He ________ ________ to see what had happened.
②我可以坐这个座位吗?请坐吧。May I take this seat?________ _______.
③汤姆的数学比玛丽好。Tom is ________ _______ Mary in maths.
④她比我早到2个小时。She arrived two hours _______ _______me.
⑤他们已提前三周完成了设计。They have completed the design _______ ______ _______ _______time.
Key:①went,ahead②Go,ahead③/④ahead,of⑤three,weeks,ahead,of
12. alive,living,live,lively,lovely区别
1)lovely意“可爱的”,“美好的”如:
a lovely day 美好的一天alovely girl 可爱的女孩
2)alive 意为“活着的、有活力的”,是表语形容词,可修饰人、物; 在句中做表语宾补和或后置定词,不能用作前置定语。如
He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往医院时还活着。
3)living 意为“活着的、有生命的”,主要用于作前置定语及冠词the 之后表示一类人,也可用作表语,可修饰人或物。如:
a living plant活的植物
The living will go on with the work of the dead.活着的人将继续死者的工作。
all living things所有生物 the living 在世者,活着的人们
4)live [laiv]
(1)(动、植物)“活的”,“有生命的”,“活生生的,主要用来说鸟或其它动物,作前置定语;
如:a live fish一条活鱼 a live tiger一只活老虎
(2)实况的,现场直播的;
如:a live report现场报道a live show/broadcast/TV program现场转播的表演/实况广播/现场直播的电视节目
living有精神的,活泼的,快活的,轻快的
Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.她爷爷已经93岁了,仍然健在。
5)lively 意为“活泼的”,“有生气的”, 生动的“生动的”,可用作表语、定语,指人或物。如:
a lively child活泼的孩子
a lively description生动的描述如:
a lively mind 活跃的头脑
a lively discussion 热烈的讨论
a way of making one’s classes lively使课堂生动的方法
He told a lively story about his life in Africa. 他讲述了一个有关他的非洲生活的一个生动故事。
Young children are usually lively.年轻人通常很活泼。
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