英语句子成分(英文中的句子成分)
英语句子成分(英文中的句子成分)
因为语法是造句的规则,学习语法也是为了能造句,能理解句子的意思,所以咱们学语法先从句型开始。句子是由一个个的单词构成,这些单词在句子中又充当了不同的成分。因此,在讲句型之前,先简单介绍下句子成分。
英文当中有8大句子成分,分别是:
一、主语 subject:说明位于动作或状态的执行者,一般在谓动词前面
The girlshad been swimming.
The new teachercame in.
二、谓语 predicate:描述主语的行为动作或所处状态,谓语动词有人称、数、时态和语态变化
The girls had been swimming.
The new teachercame in.
三、表语 predicative:说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等,位于系动词后面
A poor man is not necessarily unhappy.
That iswhere your mistakes are.
【扩展知识-系动词】
在英语中,除了be动词以外,还有以下系动词:
1表示主语特征状态的,如:
feel/look/sound/taste/smell/seem/appear…
2 表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态的,如:
become/fall/go/grow/turn/get/come…
3 表示主语保持或继续某种状态的,如:
continue/remain/stay/keep/hold/rest/prove…
四、宾语 object:指一个动作的接受者,分为单宾语、双宾语 直接宾语、间接宾语、复合宾语 指宾语+宾语补足语
I cant hearthe TV. Would you please turn it up? 单宾语
Ruth gave Laurena nice bunch of flowers. Lauren是间接宾语,a nice bunch of flowers是直接宾语
We find her an honest girl. 宾语+宾语补足语
五、补足语 complement:说明宾语或主语的性质、状态的
His daughter was elected manager of the company.
They became good friendsdespite the mistake.
六、状语 adverbial:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的一种成分,可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步。
Suddenly, it started to rain heavily.
You probably wont notice it after a while.
When Ive poured the drinks,Ill get some biscuits for you.
七、定语 attribute:用来描述名词或代词的修饰语,有些定语放在被修饰词前面,叫前置定语;有些放在被修饰词后面,叫作后置定语
Many people like boiledwater than pure water.
The scientists present at the meeting were from different countries.
八、同位语 appositive:一个名词 或其它形式对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个名词 或其它形式就是同位语
The English Department has two foreign teachers, an Australian and an American.
This term weeach bought an e-dictionary.
若你看完上述内容,试试看能否说出下列句子成分吧 答案见下期
I cant stand the heat.
I sent you an E-mail.
You can leave the door open.
He speaks English well.
A good knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.
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