动词过去式变化规则(英语动词过去式)
动词过去式变化规则(英语动词过去式)
记忆法一：常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下：
一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。 共9个
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit
hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let— let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。 共41个1 .过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。 3个
bring—brought—brought
buy— bought—bought
think—thought—thought
2 .词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。 4个
build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent— spent
3 .过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。 2个
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4. 把-eep变为-ept。 3个
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
5. 把-ell变为-old。 2个
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6. 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。 4个
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt— felt
spill—spilt—spilt
7. 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。 3个
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8. 过去式、过去分词词尾是d。 4个
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9 .改变元音字母。 11个
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find— found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine— shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10 .改变辅音字母。 1个
make—made—made
11 .改变元、辅音字母。 4个
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have has— had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。 共35个
1. i—a—u变化。 6个
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing— sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk
2. 词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。 5个
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown show除外
3. 词尾为“i+辅 1个+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。 4个 give，hide除外
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride— rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4 .过去分词在过去式后加 en。 5个
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke— woken
5 .过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。 1个
forget—forgot—forgotten
6. 过去分词由原形加 en构成。 6个
be—was were—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden hid
7 .词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。 2个
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8 .原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。 6个
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。 1个
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。 3个
come—came—come
become—became—become
run— ran—run
六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。 4个
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
★记忆法二一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同：
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。
二、 原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：
beat/beat/beaten
三、 原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：
come/came/come become/became/become run/ran/run
come，become，属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed
四、 过去式，过去分词相同：
1 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met feed/fed/fed
2 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept
3 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smelt spill/spilt/spilt
4 过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
catch/caught/caught teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought
buy/bought/bought think/thought/thought
5 将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stood understand/understood/understood
6 将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid pay/paid/paid say/said/said
7 将d改为t
lend/lent/lent send/sent/sent
spend/spent/spent build/built/built
8 将i改为a , o, u等
sit/sat/sat spit/spat/spat
dig/dug/dug win/won/won
9 将ell改为old
tell/told/told sell/sold/sold
10 词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt spoil/spoilt/spoilt
11 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的：
learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt smell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burnt burn/burned/burned
light/lii/lit light/lighted/lighted
12 其它
have has/had/had hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot lose/lost/lost
hold/held/held get/got/got AmE gotten
find/found/found make/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同：
1 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn
2改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunk
3改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen ride/rode/ridden
4 原形后加n变成过去分词
drive/drove/driven rise/rose/risen eat/ate/eaten
give/gave/given fall/fell/fallen
5 过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolen speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken wake/woke/woken 或woke
6其它
be/was或were/been do/did/done forget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gone hide/hid/hidden see/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
六、 有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken 或woke wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义：
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词：
shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧lay/lain/lying 现在分词
lay放，下蛋laid/laid/laying
find 找到、发现find/found/found
found 创建，成立 found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
一词义相对：
1 come/came/come来
—— go/went/gone去
2 give/gave/given给
——get/got/got AmE gotten获得
3 sleep/slept/slept睡觉
—wake/woke/woken 或woke
或wake/waked/waked 醒来
4 rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起
——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, 使下沉
5 buy/bought/bought买
—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖
6 take/took/taken带去
——bring/brought/brought 带来
7 teach/taught/taught教
——learn/learnt/learnt
或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
8 lose/lost/lost丢失、失败
——find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、 获胜
9 stand/stood/stood站、立
——sit/sat/sat坐
10 send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送
——get/got/got获得、收到
二词义相近： 1 beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败
win/won/won赢得、获胜
2 understand/understood/understood
懂, 了解
know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识
3 get/got/got AmE gotten变成、成为、变得
become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得
go/went/gone变成
turn/turned/turned变成
4 spend/spent/spent 花费、度过
pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳
cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
take/took/taken花费
5 say/said/said说、讲
speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论
★记忆法三：
1.无变化，过去式与原形相同。
let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut
shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst
2.元音字母的变化。i→a:
begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank
i→o:
drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,
strive→strove arise→arose
i→ou:
find→found wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground
a→oo: take→took, shake→shook
e→o: get→got, forget→forgot
o→a: come→came, become→became
oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose
3.元音字母组合的变化。
aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew
4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
1 sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold
2 say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid
3 sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept
4 bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought
5 catch→caught, teach→taught
6 can→could, will→would, shall→should
5.辅音字母变化。
1build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent
2make→made, have→had, hear→heard
3mean→meant, learn→learnt
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